General Knowledge / The Nationalist Movements In India

The Nationalist Movements in India  was organized as mass movements emphasizing and raising questions concerning the interests of the people of India. In most of these movements, people were themselves encouraged to take action. Due to several factors, these movements failed to win independence for India. However, they did promote a sense of nationalism among the people of the country. The failure of these movements affected many people as they withdrew from Government offices, schools, factories and services. Though they did manage to get a few concessions such as those won by the  Salt March in 1930, they did not help India much from the point of view of their objective.

Nationalist Movements Started by in India by Leaders:
1 Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone King Alagumuthu Servaikara Konar was an early freedom fighter against the British presence in South India. He was born in Kattalankulam village in Tirunelveli district of present day Tamil Nadu. He became a Kattalankulam King and military leader in the town of Ettayapuram,and was defeated in battle there against the British forces and executed in 1759.
2 Siraj ud-Daulah Fought against British troops on Battle of Plassey in 1757. He was the last independent Nawab of Bengal under Indian Mughal Empire. The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company rule over Bengal, later India with almost all of the Indian subcontinent.
3 Maruthanayagam Fought with British troops on Madurai Fort in 1764.
4 Puli Thevar Involved in a vendetta with the Nawab of Arcot who was supported by the British. Later rebelled against the British in the late 1750s and early 1760s.
5 Raghunath Mahato Fought against British East India Company in 1769 in Jangal Mahal.
6 Tilka Manjhi Fought against British East India Company in 1784 in Bhagalpur, Bihar.
7 Rani Velu Nachiyar Was a queen of Sivaganga estate from c. 1780–1790. She was the first queen to fight against the British and won the war and retained the land from the British in 1757. Moreover, she pardoned the British general and made him to run to save his life.
8 Veerapandiya Kattabomman 18th-century Palayakarrar and chieftain from Panchalankurichi in Tamil Nadu. He refused to accept the sovereignty of the British East India Company and waged a war against them. He was captured by the British and was hanged at Kayathar on 16 October 1799.
9 Maruthu Pandiyar First to issue a proclamation of independence from the colonial British rule from Trichy Thiruvarangam Temple, Tamil Nadu.
10 Dheeran Chinnamalai Dheeran Chinnamalai was one of the main commanders in the Polygar Wars in western Tamilnadu. Chinnamalai engaged in guerrilla warfare and defeated the British in battles at Cauvery in 1801, Odanilai in 1802 and Arachalur in 1804.
11 KRANTIVEERA SANGOLLI RAYANNA He is one of the soldiers of Kittur empire, after Kittur Rani Chennamma was arrested by british, he united entire local soldiers and fight against British and finally hanged by them.
12 Tipu Sultan He was one of the few South Indian kings to provide stiff resistance to British imperialism and sowed the seed of Indian independence in the hearts of generation to follow. He is applauded as a ruler who fought against British colonialism.
13 Tirot Sing Fought against British attempt to take over the Khasi Hills.
14 Ahmadullah Shah Leader of various battles for freedom like Battle of Chinhat, Siege of Lucknow, Capture of Lucknow, Chapati Movement.
15 Mangal Pandey Early martyr of Indian rebellion. Pandey was a soldier of the British Indian army, but rebelled against it. He was executed on 8 April 1857 in Barrackpore.
16 V. O. Chidambaram Pillai He launched the first indigenous Indian shipping service between Tuticorin and Colombo with the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, competing against British ships.
17 Subramania Bharati Wrote many fiery songs kindling patriotism and nationalism during Indian Independence movement.
18 Alluri Sitarama Raju Leader of the Rampa Rebellion of 1922.
19 Bhagat Singh Worked with several revolutionary organisations and became prominent in the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
20 Aruna Asaf Ali She is widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National Congress flag at the Gowalia Tank maidan in Bombay during the Quit India Movement, 1942.
21 Shambhu Dutt Sharma Joined Quit India Movement in 1942. Hon. General Secretary of GSB (Gandhian Satyagraha Brigade). Founder of Transparency International India. Sharma's team was known as Gandhian Seva Brigade.
22 Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu was an Indian politician and freedom fighter, chief minister of the Madras Presidency, and subsequently became the first chief minister of the new Andhra state, created by the partition of Madras State along linguistic lines. He was also known as Andhra Kesari (Lion of Andhra). The Andhra Pradesh government declared his birth anniversary a state festival.
23 Khudiram Bose Bose planted bombs near British government officials and police stations. Due to his activities against the British, he was arrested and hanged. At the time of his hanging, he was 18 years, 8 months 8 days old, making him one of the youngest revolutionaries in India.
24 Chandra Shekhar Azad Azad ("The Free"), was an Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the death of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan.
25 Chittaranjan Das Das founded the Swaraj party in Bengal, became leader in Non-cooperation Movement in Bengal.
26 Komaram Bheem Bheem was a tribal leader who fought for the liberation of Hyderabad.
27 Ram Prasad Bismil Kakori conspiracy
28 Udham Singh Shooting in Caxton Hall.
29 Hemu Kalani Sabotage of railway track.
30 Ashfaqulla Khan Kakori conspiracy
31 Sachindra Bakshi Kakori conspiracy
32 Manmath Nath Gupta Kakori conspiracy
33 Vasudev Balwant Phadke Deccan Rebellion
34 Matangini Hazra Active member of Quit India Movement, shot dead by British at the age of 71.
35 Anant Laxman Kanhere Shooting of British officer Jackson.
36 Vanchinathan Shooting of British Collector/District Magistrate Robert William Escourt Ashe.
37 Krishnaji Gopal Karve Shooting of British officer Jackson.
38 Ganesh Damodar Savarkar Armed movement against the British.
39 Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Father of Hindu Nationalism, was jailed at Cellular Jail in 1911.[3]
40 Bagha Jatin The Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case, Indo-German Conspiracy.
41 Batukeshwar Dutt Central Assembly Bomb Case 1929.
42 Sukhdev Thapar Central Assembly Bomb Case 1929
43 Shivaram Rajguru Murder of a British police officer J. P. Saunders.
44 Roshan Singh Kakori conspiracy, Bamrauli Action
45 Prabhavati Devi Gandhian leader. Wife of Jayaprakash Narayan.
46 Pritilata Waddedar Pahartali European Club attack
47 Jatindra Nath Das Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case
48 Durgawati Devi Running the bomb factory.
49 Bhagwati Charan Vohra Philosophy of the Bomb
50 Madan Lal Dhingra Assassination of Curzon Wyllie.
51 Alluri Sitarama Raju Rampa Rebellion of 1922
52 Kushal Konwar Train sabotage at Sarupathar.
53 Surya Sen President of Indian National Congress Chittagong Branch, mastermind of Chittagong armoury raid.
54 Ananta Singh Chittagong armoury raid
55 Ganesh Ghosh Chittagong armoury raid
56 Sri Aurobindo Alipore bomb case
57 Rash Behari Bose Indian National Army
58 Ubaidullah Sindhi Silk Letter Conspiracy
59 Lokenath Bal Chittagong armoury raid
60 Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Kakori conspiracy
61 Baikuntha Shukla Assassination of Phanindra Nath Ghosh, a British government approver.
62 Ambika Chakrabarty Chittagong armoury raid
63 Badal Gupta Attack at Writers Building
64 Dinesh Gupta Attack at Writers Building
65 Benoy Basu Attack at Writers Building
66 Rajendra Lahiri Kakori conspiracy
67 Barindra Kumar Ghosh Alipore bomb case
68 Prafulla Chaki The Muzaffarpur killing.
69 Ullaskar Dutta Alipore bomb case
70 Bhupendra Kumar Datta Member of Anushilan Samiti.
71 Ramesh Chandra Jha Sugauli police station robbery.
72 Hemchandra Kanungo Alipore bomb case
73 Surendranath Tagore Involved in the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, in opposition to the 1905 partition of Bengal.
74 Basawon Singh (Sinha) Lahore conspiracy case
75 Bhavabhushan Mitra Ghadar Mutiny
76 Bina Das Attempted to assassinate the Bengal Governor Stanley Jackson.
77 Kalpana Datta Indian Independence Movement, also part of the Chittagong armoury raid planning.
78 Kartar Singh Sarabha Most famous accused in the Lahore conspiracy trial.
79 Shyamji Krishna Varma Founded the Indian Home Rule Society, India House and "The Indian Sociologist" in London.
80 Subhas Chandra Bose Founded the Indian Legion and revamped the Indian National Army.
81 Binod Bihari Chowdhury Chittagong armoury raid
82 Bhupendranath Datta Indo-German Conspiracy, member of Anushilan Samiti.
83 Amarendranath Chatterjee Indo-German Conspiracy
84 Atulkrishna Ghosh Indo-German Conspiracy
85 Subodh Roy Chittagong armoury raid, Tebhaga movement
86 Maulvi Liaquat Ali Captured Khusro Bagh in Allahabad and declared "independence" of India.
87 Asaf Ali Indian national movement
88 Rani of Jhansi Rani Laxmi Bhai was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became a symbol of resistance to the British Raj for Indian nationalists.
89 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Was the preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
90 Jawahar Lal Nehru First prime minister of India, a paramount leader of Indian independence under the tutelage of M. K. Gandhi
91 S. Satyamurti Mayor of Madras, President of the Madras District Congress Party Committee, Advocate of the High Court of Madras, Senior Advocate of the Federal Court of India, Deputy leader of the Congress party, Member of the Indian Legislative Assembly.[4]
92 Shaukat Ali Maulana, "Shaukat Ali", his brother "Mohammad Ali" and their mother "Bi Amman", played an incredible role in the freedom movement of India against the British Imperialism. These brave freedom fighters were unmitigated champions of Hindu-Muslim unity who endorsed the Hindus and the Muslims to fight together in the struggle for independence from the British forgetting their religious feelings and thinking only they are Indians, they were the ambassadors of Hindu-Muslim Unity. They were arrested and imprisoned from 1921 to 1923 for his support to Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1919–1922).[5]
93 Sushila Chain Trehan Leading member of Arya Samaj who fought for women's rights.
94 Bal Gangadhar Tilak Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ("self-rule") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness.
95 Bipin Chandra Pal Member of Swaraj
96 Lala Lajpat Rai Member of Swaraj
97 Alekh Patra Member of Congress, sarvodaya, who participated in the freedom movement at the age of about 18.


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